After introducing the scientific need for ultrafast measurements using X-rays we will review recent progress in X-ray attosecond pulse generation using high harmonic generation and X-ray FELs. Research using XFELs for measurements of electronic dynamics in matter with few-femtosecond to attoseconds will be presented. The potential of HHG for measuring electronic dynamics in condensed phase will be illustrated by recent work studying exciton dynamics in an organic semiconductor. Finally recent results towards isolated attosecond pulse generation in liquid samples will be presented.